R

R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphical representation and reporting. R is free and open source software, developed by a community of programmers, statisticians and data scientists. R is available for Windows, Mac and Linux.

R can be used for a wide variety of statistical analysis, including linear and nonlinear modeling, Classical statistical tests, time-series analysis, clustering, and more. R is also highly extensible, allowing users to write their own functions and add-ons.

RStudio is a popular integrated development environment (IDE) for R. It includes a console, syntax-highlighting editor that supports direct code execution, as well as tools for plotting, history, and workspace management. RStudio is available in both open source and commercial editions.

Some of the most popular packages for R include:

• data.table: a fast and efficient package for data manipulation
• dplyr: a package for manipulating data frames
• tidyr: a package for tidying messy data
• ggplot2: a package for creating beautiful data visualisations
• caret: a package for machine learning
• randomForest: a package for creating random forests