There are a variety of methods that can be used to secure a blockchain, including cryptography, access control, and consensus mechanisms. Cryptography is used to encrypt data and to create digital signatures that can be used to verify the authenticity of data. Access control can be used to restrict access to the data on the blockchain, and consensus mechanisms can be used to ensure that the data on the blockchain is valid.
There are a few different ways that blockchain security can be compromised. One is through 51% attacks, in which a group of miners control more than 50% of the network's mining power and can therefore manipulate the blockchain. Another is through Sybil attacks, in which malicious nodes try to overwhelm the network by creating multiple fake identities.
The best way to protect against these attacks is to keep your own copy of the blockchain and to only accept blocks that have been verified by multiple independent sources. You can also use a service like Blockfolio to keep track of the latest blockchain security threats and to get alerted if a blockchain you're invested in is compromised.
Blockchain security is a critical part of the blockchain ecosystem and is necessary to ensure the integrity of the data and to protect the blockchain from attacks.